Encoders are sensors that convert mechanical motion into electrical signals to represent position, displacement, rotation, or movement. They provide a structured output that can be interpreted by electronic systems for monitoring and control.

Within the sensor category, encoders are commonly grouped by their sensing and output method, such as:

• Incremental encoders, which indicate relative movement through a sequence of signal changes
• Absolute encoders, which provide a distinct output corresponding to a specific position
• Rotary encoders, designed to track angular motion
• Linear encoders, designed to track straight-line motion

As a component class, encoders are selected based on the required motion type and the preferred signal interface for integration into electronic control and measurement systems.